Intercropping cropping systems pdf

Intercropping principles and production practices iatp. Productivity and profitability of maize based intercropping. It can be defined as the proportion of area under various crops at a point of time. Cropping pattern which involve the raising of crops, animals and or trees. Intercropping systems reduced the values of yield attributes and grain yield of maize than sole cropping of maize, but significant reduction in cob length, kernelsrow, grainscob and grain yield. Sequential cropping growing one crop after another in the same year and intercropping are types of multiple cropping and include numerous different systems. The importance of legumes in cereal cropping systems. This practice is ancient, as numerous records from human societies. Multispecies systems are diverse and may include annual and perennial crops on a gradient of complexity from 2 to n species. Nov 17, 2019 mixed cropping, also known as polyculture, intercropping, or cocultivation, is a type of agriculture that involves planting two or more plants simultaneously in the same field, interdigitating the cropslike interlocking your fingersso that they grow together. The most important mineral element needed by plants is nitrogen, which legumes can help to provide. However, there are numerous other potential tree, shrub and crop combinations. Jan 24, 2017 row cropping is popular because it also uses space that would otherwise remain wasted. Example planting wheat year after year in the same field.

Cropping systems, an important component of a farming system, represents a cropping pattern used on a farm and their interaction with farm resources, other farm. Nov 14, 2017 multiple cropping in agriculture, multiple cropping is the practice of growing two or more crops in the same piece of land during a single growing season. Floral resources intercropping with insectary plants also called companion plants. Maizelablab intercropping is promising in supporting the. Guidelines for intercropping sustainable agriculture. Cropping system the cropping patterns used on a farm and their interaction with farm resources, other farm enterprises, and available. Modernization of farming equipment has changed our farming practices into what they are today, which is largely monocropping.

Mixed cropping, also known as polyculture, intercropping, or cocultivation, is a type of agriculture that involves planting two or more plants simultaneously in the same field, interdigitating the cropslike interlocking your fingersso that they grow together. Currently most of the emphasis and research focuses on pecan, chestnut and eastern black walnut alley cropping applications. Harvesting options for intercrops include hand harvest. Apr 15, 2020 intercropping is an agricultural practice in which two or more crops are grown together in the same field. Intercrops can be more productive than growing pure stands. Alley cropping or hedgerow intercropping is an agroforestry practice in which perennial, usually leguminous trees or shrubs are grown simultaneously with an arable crop. An attractant crop attracts the pest and a repellant crop is also used to repel the pest away.

Intercropping competition between apple trees and crops in. Plant spatial arrangements, planting rates, and maturity dates must be considered when planning intercrops. The space between rows of corn, for example, is essentially wasted space that could be used for intercropping. Bedoussac and others published grain legumecereal intercropping systems find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. One benefit of this practice may be disease control. Intercropping is a ways to increase diversity in an agricultural ecosystem.

Alley cropping hedgerow intercropping agroforestry. Intercropping can be defined as a multiple cropping system. Kumar and amitesh kumar singh institute of agricultural sciences, banaras hindu university, varanasi. Cereallegume intercropping increases dry matter production and grain yield more than their monocultures. Sequential systems are most common where the growing season is long, and intercropping systems are most popular where labor is readily available and inexpensive. Cropping systems, an important component of a farming system, represents a cropping pattern used on a farm and their interaction with farm resources, other farm enterprises and available technology, which determine their make up. For example, in the maize crop system, maize is the dominant crop which is grown in association with other crops. Intercropping, the simultaneous cultivation of multiple crop species, has been used throughout history and remains common among farmers of small landholdings in the tropics. Example planting alternating strips of maize, soybean and finger millet. This is particularly true of specific plant species.

Research needs to be directed to test these alternatives. This analysis will help to promote mechanizedbased maizesoybean strip intercropping system as a highe. Intercropping persisted in agrarian societies after being rejected by the western world with the advent of highly mechanized farming. One of the important methods of intensive cropping, allowing the stubbles of the original crop to strike again after harvesting and to raise another crop. In many areas of the world, intercropping still dominates the cropping systems. This work was carried on intercropping maizecommonbean under field conditions in setif region of algeria. It can be defined as the proportion of area under various crops. Growing legumes in cereal cropping systems is a way to improve and sustain soil fertility and crop yields. Intercropping is widely practiced by cassava growers in africa, but is less frequent in the more commercially oriented production systems of latin america and asia. Intercropping gives additional yield incomeunit area than sole cropping. The rows make weeding and harvesting easier than with mixed intercropping. Multiple cropping has been practiced in many parts of the world.

Oct 18, 2018 inter cropping gives additional yield incomeunit area than sole cropping. Under multiyear drought conditions, wheatfallow one crop in two years and wheatgrain sorghumfallow two crops in three years cropping systems maintained land. Growing legumes in cereal cropping systems is a way to improve and sustain soil fertility and crop. Cropping systems in vegetables linkedin slideshare. The degree of spatial and temporal overlap in the two crops can vary somewhat, but both requirements must be met for a cropping system to be an intercrop. Mechanical operations in mechanizedbased maizesoybean intercropping systems of.

Multiple cropping an overview sciencedirect topics. The space between rows of corn, for example, is essentially wasted space that could. Intercropping systems in sustainable agriculture frontiers. Pushpull cropping, this is a mixture of trap cropping and repellant intercropping. Multiple cropping is not a new form of agricultural. Intercropping can be defined as a multiple cropping system that two or more crops planted in a field during a growing season. Conventional farming and monocropping systems in addition to depletion the natural resource, is caused environmental pollution. Cropping pattern is a dynamic concept because it changes over space and time. When fertilizer n is limited, biological nitrogen fixation bnf is the major source of n in legumecereal mixed cropping systems.

Cropping systems, an important component of a farming system, represents a. The importance of legumes in cereal cropping systems author. Mixed cropping, companion planting, relay cropping, interseeding, overseeding, underseeding, smother cropping, planting polycultures, and using living mulch are all forms of intercropping see glossary at the end of this chapter. Feb 10, 2000 intercropping offers farmers the opportunity to engage natures principle of diversity on their farms. Okigbo and greenland 1976 estimate that 80% of the cultivated. The soil n use patterns of component crops depend on the n source and legume species. Intercropping patterns and different farming systems affect. System is defined as a regularly interacting or interdependent group of items forming a. The nwrec crops program maintains longterm cropping system studies to evaluate cropping intensit. Comparative analysis of maizesoybean strip intercropping. Biological nitrogen fixation in mixed legumecereal. Cropping systems northwest researchextension center. Stir cropping involves planting broad strips of several crops in the field. However, the use of land equivalent ratio ler as a measure for calculating the cropping advantage of intercrops over sole crops is too simple.

Abstract the traditional practice of mixed cropping has gained popularity in recent years in the. As intercropping is an important aspect of smallholderfarmer crop production systems, a study was initiated to evaluate the performance of p igeonpea. The practice of intercropping has actually been around since farming began. Vine crops are excellent for intercropping with corn because they fill the space between rows but are not competitive with the corn for nutrients. Effect of planting density and growth habit on production of commercial cassava roots. Multiple cropping is not a new form of agricultural technology, but instead is an ancient means of intensive farming. Mixed cropping, also known as polyculture, intercropping, or cocultivation, is a type of agriculture that involves planting two or more plants simultaneously in the same field. It helps to avoid intercrop competition and thus a higher number of crop plants are grown per unit area. In addition to cash crops, cover crops are also sometimes used in intercropping. The results from this study have shown that intercropping pattern has a great potential in reducing weed infestation in cropping systems especially in farming system with low external.

Intercropping is an agricultural practice in which two or more crops are grown together in the same field. Intercropping is preferred to sole cropping as a result of superior yield due to better absorption of resources, and. Okigbo and greenland 1976 estimate that 80% of the cultivated area of semiarid west africa is intercropped. Intercrops provide shade and support to the other crop. Multiple cropping in agriculture, multiple cropping is the practice of growing two or more crops in the same piece of land during a single growing season. Kumar and amitesh kumar singh institute of agricultural sciences, banaras hindu university, varanasi 221 005, india. This analysis will help to promote mechanizedbased maizesoybean strip intercropping system as. Aikens research goal is to contribute knowledge of factors regulating the crop transpiration fraction of the annual water budget and the transpiration efficiency of yield formation for waterlimited cropping systems. Maize and pigeonpea intercropping systems in mpumalanga. Intercropping and crop rotation are alternative strategies applied in multiple cropping, the growing of two or more crops in the same piece of.

Early research focused on supplying nitrogen with legume intercropping plants, but now a. Top 12 types of cropping system your article library. Row cropping is popular because it also uses space that would otherwise remain wasted. Several experimental studies have investigated the potential beneficial effect of intercropping on cassava virus control in africa. Monocropping is when the field is used to grow only one crop. Intercropping is an allencompassing term for the practice of growing two or more crops in close proximity. In india, pigeonpea is generally intercropped with cereals, other legumes, cotton gossypium sp, and castor ricinus communis saxena 1999. This practice has regained attention worldwide, particularly in the tropics due to its beneficial effects on soil fertility and nutrient cycling. Agronomy and cropping systems 95 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 plant density ha. Inter cropping system utilizes resources efficiently and their productivity is increased reddy and redid.

Maizelablab intercropping is promising in supporting the sustainable intensification of smallholder cropping systems under high climate risk in southern africa. Intercropping systems reduced the values of yield attributes and grain yield of maize than sole cropping of maize, but significant reduction in cob length, kernelsrow, grainscob and grain. Intercropping includes the growing of two or more cash crops together. The results from this study have shown that intercropping pattern has a great potential in reducing weed infestation in cropping systems especially in farming system with low external input. Why some farmers try something different intercropping is defined simply as growing two or more crop types on one field. Floral resources intercropping with insectary plants also called companion plants can be used to enhance the activity of predators and parasitoids by providing them with habitat and food sources such as nectar, pollen, and alternate hosts or prey. Planting both the main crop and the intercrop in rows. Nitrogen transfer from legume to cereal increases the cropping system s. Pdf a general overview on intercropping and its advantages. Intercropping involves cultivating two or more crops in a field simultaneously.

Systems are often referred to in distinguishi ng one type of multiple cropping from another. This practice is ancient, as numerous records from human societies all over the world indicate. Intercropping patterns and different farming systems. In phenomenological research comparing disease in monocrops and intercrops, primarily due to foliar fungi, intercropping reduced disease in 73% of more than 200 studies.

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